8: Names, Terms, and Titles of Works
- Overview
- 8.1Chicago’s preference for lowercase
- 8.2Italics and quotation marks for titles and other terms
- Personal Names
- General Principles
- 8.3Personal names—additional resources
- 8.4Capitalization of personal names
- 8.5Names with particles
- 8.6Hyphenated and extended names
- Non-English Names in an English Context
- 8.7French names
- 8.8German and Portuguese names
- 8.9Italian names
- 8.10Dutch names
- 8.11Spanish names
- 8.12Russian names
- 8.13Hungarian names
- 8.14Arabic names
- 8.15Chinese names
- 8.16Japanese names
- 8.17Korean names
- 8.18Other Asian names
- Titles and Offices
- 8.19Titles and offices—the general rule
- 8.20Exceptions to the general rule for titles and offices
- 8.21Titles used in apposition
- 8.22Civil titles
- 8.23Titles of sovereigns and other rulers
- 8.24Military titles
- 8.25Quasi-military titles
- 8.26Religious titles
- 8.27Corporate and organizational titles
- 8.28Academic titles
- 8.29Other academic designations
- 8.30Descriptive titles
- 8.31Civic and academic honors
- 8.32Titles of nobility
- 8.33Honorifics
- Epithets, Kinship Names, and Personifications
- 8.34Epithets (or nicknames) and bynames
- 8.35Epithets as names of characters
- 8.36Kinship names and the like
- 8.37Personifications
- Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Other Groups
- 8.38Ethnic and national groups and associated adjectives
- 8.39Compound nationalities
- 8.40Class
- 8.41Sexual orientation and gender identity
- 8.42Generation
- 8.43Physical characteristics
- Names of Places
- 8.44Names of places—additional resources
- Parts of the World
- 8.45Continents, countries, cities, oceans, and such
- 8.46Points of the compass
- 8.47Regions of the world and national regions
- 8.48Popular place-names or epithets
- 8.49Urban areas
- 8.50Real versus metaphorical names
- Political Divisions
- 8.51Political divisions—capitalization
- 8.52Governmental entities
- Topographical Divisions
- 8.53Mountains, rivers, and the like
- 8.54Generic terms for geographic entities
- 8.55Non-English terms for geographic entities
- Public Places and Major Structures
- 8.56Thoroughfares and the like
- 8.57Buildings and monuments
- 8.58Rooms, offices, and such
- 8.59Non-English names for places and structures
- Words Derived from Proper Names
- 8.60When to capitalize words derived from proper names
- 8.61When to lowercase words derived from proper names
- Names of Organizations
- Governmental Bodies
- 8.62Legislative and deliberative bodies
- 8.63Administrative bodies
- 8.64Judicial bodies
- 8.65Government entities that are lowercased
- Political and Economic Organizations and Movements
- 8.66Organizations, parties, alliances, and so forth
- 8.67Adherents of unofficial political groups and movements
- Institutions and Companies
- 8.68Institutions and companies—capitalization
- 8.69Corporate names with unusual capitalization
- Associations
- 8.70Associations, unions, and the like
- Historical and Cultural Terms
- Periods
- 8.71Numerical designations for periods
- 8.72Descriptive designations for periods
- 8.73Traditional period names
- 8.74Cultural periods
- Events
- 8.75Historical events and programs
- 8.76Speeches
- 8.77Meteorological and other natural phenomena
- 8.78Sporting events
- Cultural Movements and Styles
- 8.79Movements and styles—capitalization
- Acts, Treaties, and Government Programs
- 8.80Formal names of acts, treaties, and so forth
- 8.81Generic terms for pending legislation
- Legal Cases
- 8.82Legal cases mentioned in text
- Awards
- 8.83Capitalization for names of awards and prizes
- Oaths and Pledges
- 8.84Formal oaths and pledges
- Academic Subjects, Courses of Study, and Lecture Series
- 8.85Academic subjects
- 8.86Courses of study
- 8.87Lectures
- Calendar and Time Designations
- 8.88Days of the week, months, and seasons
- 8.89Holidays
- 8.90Time and time zones
- Religious Names and Terms
- Deities and Revered Persons
- 8.91Deities
- 8.92Alternative names
- 8.93Prophets and the like
- 8.94Platonic ideas
- 8.95Pronouns referring to religious figures
- Religious Groups
- 8.96Major religions
- 8.97Denominations, sects, orders, and religious movements
- 8.98“Church” as institution
- 8.99Generic versus religious terms
- 8.100Religious jurisdictions
- 8.101Places of worship
- 8.102Councils, synods, and the like
- Religious Writings
- 8.103Scriptures
- 8.104Other names and versions for bibles
- 8.105Books of the Bible
- 8.106Sections of the Bible
- 8.107Prayers, creeds, and such
- Religious Events, Concepts, Services, and Objects
- 8.108Religious events and concepts
- 8.109Heaven, hell, and so on
- 8.110Services and rites
- 8.111Objects
- Military Terms
- Forces and Troops
- 8.112Armies, battalions, and such
- Wars, Revolutions, Battles, and Campaigns
- 8.113Wars and revolutions
- 8.114Battles and campaigns
- Military Awards
- 8.115Medals and awards
- Names of Ships and Other Vehicles
- 8.116Ships and other named vessels
- 8.117Other vehicle names
- 8.118Pronouns referring to vessels
- Scientific Terminology
- Scientific Names of Plants and Animals
- 8.119Scientific style—additional resources
- 8.120Genus and specific epithet
- 8.121Abbreviation of genus name
- 8.122Subspecies and varieties
- 8.123Unspecified species and varieties
- 8.124Author names
- 8.125Plant hybrids
- 8.126Higher divisions
- 8.127English derivatives
- Vernacular Names of Plants and Animals
- 8.128Plants and animals—additional resources
- 8.129Domestic animals and horticultural categories
- 8.130Horticultural cultivars
- Genetic Terms
- 8.131Genetic nomenclature—additional resources
- 8.132Genes
- 8.133Enzymes
- Geological Terms
- 8.134Geological terms—additional resources
- 8.135Formal versus generic geological terms
- 8.136Stratigraphy
- Astronomical Terms
- 8.137Astronomical terms—additional resources
- 8.138Celestial bodies
- 8.139Catalog names for celestial objects
- 8.140“Earth”
- 8.141“Sun” and “moon”
- 8.142Descriptive terms
- Medical Terms
- 8.143Medical terms—additional resources
- 8.144Diseases, procedures, and such
- 8.145Infections
- 8.146Drugs
- Physical and Chemical Terms
- 8.147Physical and chemical terms—additional resources
- 8.148Laws and theories
- 8.149Chemical names and symbols
- 8.150Mass number
- 8.151Radiations
- 8.152Metric units
- Brand Names and Trademarks
- 8.153Trademarks
- 8.154Brand names or trademarks with an initial lowercase letter
- Software and Devices
- 8.155Names for applications, operating systems, and devices
- Titles of Works
- 8.156Treatment of titles in text and notes—overview
- Capitalization, Punctuation, and Italics
- 8.157Capitalization of titles of works—general principles
- 8.158Principles and examples of sentence-style capitalization
- 8.159Principles of headline-style capitalization
- 8.160Examples of headline-style capitalization
- 8.161Hyphenated compounds in headline-style titles
- 8.162Titles containing quotations
- 8.163Italics versus quotation marks for titles
- 8.164Subtitle capitalization
- 8.165Permissible changes to titles
- 8.166Titles in relation to surrounding text
- 8.167Double titles connected by “or”
- Books and Periodicals
- 8.168Treatment of book and periodical titles
- 8.169An initial “a,” “an,” or “the” in book titles
- 8.170An initial “the” in periodical titles
- 8.171“Magazine” and other descriptive terms
- 8.172Periodical titles in awards, buildings, and so forth
- 8.173Italicized terms and titles within titles
- 8.174Title not interchangeable with subject
- 8.175Titles of multivolume works
- 8.176Titles of series and editions
- Articles in Periodicals and Parts of a Book
- 8.177Articles, stories, chapters, and so on
- 8.178Collected works
- 8.179Terms like “foreword,” “preface,” and so on
- 8.180Numbered chapters, parts, and so on
- Poems and Plays
- 8.181Titles of poems
- 8.182Poems referred to by first line
- 8.183Titles of plays
- 8.184Divisions of plays or poems
- Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes
- 8.185Titles of folktales, fables, nursery rhymes, and the like
- Pamphlets, Reports, and Forms
- 8.186Titles of pamphlets and reports
- 8.187Titles of forms
- Unpublished Works
- 8.188Titles of unpublished works
- Movies, Television, Radio, and Podcasts
- 8.189Titles for movies, television, radio, and podcasts
- Video Games
- 8.190Titles of video games
- Websites and Blogs
- 8.191Titles of websites and web pages
- 8.192Blogs and blog posts
- Musical Works
- 8.193Musical works—additional resources
- 8.194Operas, songs, and the like
- 8.195Instrumental works
- 8.196Opus numbers
- 8.197Recordings
- Works of Art and Exhibitions
- 8.198Paintings, photographs, statues, and such
- 8.199Maps
- 8.200Cartoons
- 8.201Exhibitions and such