Citation, Documentation of Sources

Q. A paper includes the following references:

Tawiah, Vincent, Ernest Gyapong, and Muhammad Usman. 2024. “Returnee Directors and Green Innovation.” Journal of Business Research 174 (March): 114369.

Tawiah, Vincent, Ernest Gyapong, and Yan Wang. 2024. “Does Board Ethnic Diversity Affect IFRS Disclosures?” Journal of Accounting Literature, ahead of print, September 24.

Tawiah, Vincent, Reon Matemane, Babajide Oyewo, and Tesfaye T. Lemma. 2024. “Saving the Environment with Indigenous Directors: Evidence from Africa.” Business Strategy and the Environment 33 (3): 2445–61.

Tawiah, Vincent, Abdulrasheed Zakari, and Rafael Alvarado. 2024. “Effect of Corruption on Green Growth.” Environment, Development and Sustainability 26 (4): 10429–59.

Should I still cite the first two references in the text as first author, second author, et al. YEAR (e.g., Tawiah, Gyapong, et al. 2024), even though only one author is not mentioned and so “et al.” doesn’t seem appropriate?

Q. When citing an endnote, should the page number be the page the note callout appears on or the page where the endnote is at the end of the book (24n5 vs. 385n5)?

Q. I’m in the middle of working with a client on a white paper that has citations to articles found on government agency websites (e.g., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Office of Disease Prevention). The writing is completed, we’re in the layout/​production stage, and while checking links and confirming URLs in the endnotes, we’re finding that articles and pages that had been referenced in our endnotes have now been removed from the government websites in accordance with the administration’s recent orders. How do we reference reports and articles that are significant but have been removed?

Q. I am wondering how best to cite, within one chapter of a multiauthor book, other chapters from the same volume. I am accustomed to simply adding “(see chapter X)” to the text, but one author is pushing back and wants to see them in the reference list. We are using author-date style.

Q. CMOS 13.128 shows how to use author-date citations in a footnote, but what about an informational footnote like, “The history of exclusion of Chinese people in the United States has been highly researched. To begin, see . . .”? Should the parentheses around the citations be removed, as in “To begin, see Chan 1991, Lee 2003, and Kurashige 2016”? Otherwise, it might seem as though the citations are substantiating the statement, rather than being offered as suggested reading.

Q. I find ISBNs extremely useful when trying to locate copies of books of interest, especially when searching for secondhand copies of out-of-print books, for requesting books on interlibrary loan, and for disambiguating common names or titles. I’m writing a literature review in the form of an annotated bibliography and would like to include ISBNs in the entries for those books that have them, as a convenience and finding aid for readers. I can’t find any guidance for inclusion of ISBNs in Chicago-style footnotes or bibliography entries, even as an optional item. Can you provide a recommended template or example of placement and formatting?

Q. Hello, Chicago doesn’t seem to have an example of how to cite a contribution to a new edition of a book. Should the edition number follow a period or comma in the reference list entry below? Though my example is in Chicago 17 style, the question is still relevant for Chicago 18 style, so I would appreciate your guidance. Thanks!

Rothbard, Murray N. 2006. “The Libertarian Heritage: The American Revolution and Classical Liberalism.” In For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto, 1–23. 2nd ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.

Q. Why is ibid. preferable to id.? The meaning is essentially the same and id. is more succinct, and it is used extensively in legal citation without any apparent confusion or misunderstanding.

Q. How would you cite a website home page in a bibliography? Would the page title be “Home Page” (in quotes) or just a descriptive “Home page” (no quotes)? Or the title of the website? Or something else entirely?

Q. How should one cite a published book that is in an archival (personal papers) collection? The most important element of the book is not the text but the annotations added by the person whose collection the book is in. Thanks!